Tonyea
New
Has anyone come across one of these. This is the first one of this type of Surgery we have seen here and we are having a real hard type finding any codes for this. Any help would be greatly appreciated! Thanks
Attending Surgeon: 1
Assistant Attending: 1
Resident Surgeon: 1
Procedure(s): Minimally Invasive endoscopic 3-field Esophagectomy with Jejunostomy Tube
Placement
Specimen(s): Esophagus and proximal stomach. Three additional distal margins,
marked with sutures.
Drain(s):
1. Left neck 13 French round drain
2. Right 28 French chest thoracostomy tube
3. Jejunostomy feeding tube
Complications: None apparent
Findings:Large bulky tumor at the GEJ extending onto the gastric cardia; no
evidence of metastatic disease in the abdomen or right chest; Frozen sections of
distal margin negative for disease.
Statement of Medical Necessity:
Pt is a XX year old man with cT3N1M0 stage IIIb esophageal
adenocarcinoma. He also has a history of anemia, HTN, DVT (UE/LE). He was
preadmittd day prior to surgery for placement of IVC filter. No interval events
overnight. We plan to perform a three field minimally invasive esophagectomy as
well as a feeding jejunostomy.
All material risks, benefits, and alternatives were discussed with the
patient/family, who understood and were agreeable to intervention. Informed
consent was obtained.
Description of procedure:
The patient was brought to the operating room and placed on the operating table
in supine position. General endotracheal anesthesia was obtained with a double
lumen ETT. Foley catheter was placed. The hair on the abdomen, chest, and neck
was clipped. The patient was positioned in the left lateral decubitus position.
All pressure points were identified and padded. A 5mm port was placed around the
eighth intercostal space in the mid-axillary line. This was used to insufflate
the chest. The lung was dessuflated, and patient was on single lung ventilation
for this portion of the case. The chest was insufflated to a pressure of 10mmHg.
This port was subsequently upsized to a 12mm port. Additional 12mm working port
was placed in the seventh intercostal space in the anterior axillary line. In
addition to this, three more 5mm working ports were placed in the posterior
axillary line and in the anterior axillary line. All ports were placed under
direct visualization. The inferior pulmonary ligament was identified and divided
with electrocautery. The mediastinal pleura was opened to expose the esophagus.
The azygous vein was identified at its entry point into the superior vena cava.
A 60mm vascular stapler was fired across the azygous vein at this location. The
esophagus with its surrounding fat and lymph nodes was dissected, and a Penrose
drain was placed around it to facilitate exposure. The mediastinal pleural was
dissected, freeing up the esophagus in its entire thoracic course. Once the
esophagus was mobilized, a 28 French chest tube was placed through the camera
port and secured into place with 2-0 ethilon suture. All other ports were
sutured closed with 4-0 monocryl and dressed with dermabond. The patient was
turned to supine position, then repositioned with legs split. All pressure
points were identified and padded.
The abdomen, chest, and neck were prepped and draped in the standard sterile
fashion.
Supraumbilical incision was made with an 11 blade. Either side of the incision
was grasped with a towel clamp, and a Veress needle was inserted into the
abdomen. Intraperitoneal location was confirmed with the saline drop test. The
abdomen was then insufflated, with a low opening pressure, flow was increased
until the pressure measured 15mmHg.
A 12mm trocar was placed through the supraumbilical site. A 12mm 30 degree
laparoscope was inserted, and the abdomen was inspected. There were no
identifiable injuries from initial trocar placement. Additional trocars were
inserted: these included a 12mm left upper quadrant port in the mid-clavicular
line just below the costal margin, a 5mm port in the left lateral abdomen at the
costal margin at the anterior axillary line, and a 5mm port in the right upper
quadrant in the mid-clavicular line, just below the costal margin. An additional
15mm port was placed in the right mid-abdomen. All ports
were placed under direct visualization without injury.
Attention was first directed at performing the jejunostomy. The omentum was
gently lifted up off small bowel, and the proximal small bowel was traced back
to the ligament of Treitz. From there, the jejunum was passed until we reached
approximately 30cm from the LT. This was the point chosen for the jejunostomy. A
spot was chosen on the left mid-abdomen just lateral and slightly superior to
the umbilicus. A diamond was drawn out and these were the locations chosen for
insertion of T fasteners. T fasteners were placed into the abdomen under direct
visualization, then inserted into the jejunum. Intraluminal position was
confirmed by instilling air into the jejunum. This was performed four times. An
18 gauge needle was inserted in the middle of the T fasteners, and a guide wire
was inserted into the jejunum and directed distally under laparoscopic
visualization. The tract was dilated, and a peel-away sheath was inserted into
the jejunum. The feeding tube was inserted and similarly directed distally. The
sheath was removed. The T fasteners were tightened, and the phalange on the J
tube was sutured to the skin with 2-0 ethilon suture.
A Nathanson liver retractor was placed under direct visualization through a port
site in the midline. The left lobe of the liver was carefully retracted to
expose the hiatus.The patient was placed in steep reverse Trendelenburg
position.
Atraumatic laparoscopic graspers were used to mobilize the stomach and retract
it inferiorly and toward the left lower quadrant. The right crus was identified
and cleared of investing tissue. The dissection was carried over the arch of the
crura. The phrenoesophageal ligament was divided. The lesser omentum was opened
with ligasure device. The incision was extended over the hiatus to the left
crus. The short gastric vessels were divided with ligasure. The posterior aspect
of the stomach was retracted toward the right lower quadrant, exposing the left
crus, which was further cleared of its investing tissue. Once the esophagus was
fully isolated and mobilized, it was encircled with a penrose drain, which was
temporarily sutured together with an 0 PDS endoloop suture. This penrose drain
was subsequently used to retract the esophagus in an atraumatic fashion during
the remainder of the procedure.
The omentum was taken down off the stomach with laparoscopic ligasure, taking
care to preserve the right gastroepiploic arcade. The omentum and gastrocolic
ligament was divided. Once the stomach was fully mobilized on its greater
curvature, attention was directed at mobilizing the lesser curvature. This was
done in a similar fashion until the left gastric vessel was identified. This was
divided with a laparoscopic vascular stapler. The duodenum was mobilized via a
Kocher maneuver. Once the stomach was fully mobilized, we constructed the
gastric tube that would become the neoesophagus. Prior to performing this, we
asked our anesthesia colleagues to pull back the nasogastric tube as to avoid
incorporating it into the suture line. A green load sealing endo-GIA stapler was
used to serially divide the stomach, starting on the lesser curvature,
preserving the right gastric artery. The stapler was repeatedly fired around the
stomach, following the curve of the greater curvature, creating a new tube that
measured approximately 3cm in diameter. We took additional distal margins that
were sent to pathology. Hemostasis was verified. Once the majority of the
dissection was completed, the hiatal dissection was extended into the
mediastinum and the right chest, connecting the two (laparoscopic and
thoracoscopic) operative planes. In order to facilitate passage of the mass
through the hiatus, the crura were divided with ligasure 1cm on each side. The
gastric tube was then intracorporally sutured with two 0 ethibond sutures to the
distal end of the esophagus/proximal stomach. Attention was then directed into
the neck.
A left neck incision was made along the anterior border of the
sternocleidomastoid muscle. The incision was deepened through the subcutaneous
tissues with electrocautery. The platysma was divided. The sternocleidomastoid
muscle was dissected free of its medial soft tissue attachments and retracted
laterally. The nasogastric tube within the esophagus was palpated, and this
guided our dissection. The left lobe of the thyroid was encountered. This was
retracted medially. The trachea was palpated along with the esophagus with the
NGT in place. In this tracheoesophageal groove, we positively identified the
left recurrent laryngeal nerve. This was perserved free of injury, although
there may have been some stretch on the nerve due to gentle retraction. Once the
esophagus was identified, it was bluntly cleared of its surrounding attachments.
A penrose drain was placed around the esophagus. Digital blunt dissection was
performed in the base of the neck / thoracic inlet to free the esophagus of its
surrounding attachments. Once this was performed. The laparoscope was re-
inserted into the abdomen. From the neck, the esophagus was delivered into the
wound. From the abdomen, the gastric tube / neoesophagus was visualized passing
through the hiatus without twisting. Once in the wound, the eosphagus was marked
on its anterior aspect with a silk suture. The NGT was pulled back. The
esophagus clamped then divided with heavy scissors within its proximal location
in the neck. The esophagogastric specimen was removed from the field. The NGT
was delivered through the esophagus and retracted back. An anastomosis was
performed between the esophagus and the tubular stomach. This was a two layered,
(3-0 silk muscular and 3-0 PDS full thickness) hand sewn anastomosis. Prior to
completing the anastomosis, the NGT was passed back into the neo-esophagus and
directed down to the hiatus. The NGT was visualized laparoscopically to be at
the hiatus. Of note, the pylorus of the stomach was noted to be located just
below the hiatus. The neck wound was irrigated with normal saline, and hemoastis
was checked. A 13 French round drain was placed at the site of the anastomosis.
The platysma was closed over this wound with 3-0 vicryl. The incision was closed
with deep dermal 3-0 vicryl and skin layer 4-0 monocryl. Once intraabdominal
hemostasis was verified, the laparoscopic ports were removed under direct
visualization. The 15mm port fascia was closed with 0 vicryl. All port sites
were closed with 4-0 monocryl. All incisions were dressed with dermabond. Of
note prior to all incisions, local anesthetic was infiltrated. The patient was
awakened from anesthesia, extubated, and transported to SICU in fair condition.
Counts: All sponge, instrument, and needle counts were reported to be correct at
the conclusion of the case.
Disposition: SICU in fair condition.
Postoperative Plan:
-Strict NPO
-NGT secured, to not be used or manipulated, to be kept on low continuous wall
suction
-Chest tube to -20cm H20 suction
-Lifelong PPI
-Start heparin gtt for history of DVT on postoperative day 1 if no signs of
postoperative bleeding
Attending Surgeon: 1
Assistant Attending: 1
Resident Surgeon: 1
Procedure(s): Minimally Invasive endoscopic 3-field Esophagectomy with Jejunostomy Tube
Placement
Specimen(s): Esophagus and proximal stomach. Three additional distal margins,
marked with sutures.
Drain(s):
1. Left neck 13 French round drain
2. Right 28 French chest thoracostomy tube
3. Jejunostomy feeding tube
Complications: None apparent
Findings:Large bulky tumor at the GEJ extending onto the gastric cardia; no
evidence of metastatic disease in the abdomen or right chest; Frozen sections of
distal margin negative for disease.
Statement of Medical Necessity:
Pt is a XX year old man with cT3N1M0 stage IIIb esophageal
adenocarcinoma. He also has a history of anemia, HTN, DVT (UE/LE). He was
preadmittd day prior to surgery for placement of IVC filter. No interval events
overnight. We plan to perform a three field minimally invasive esophagectomy as
well as a feeding jejunostomy.
All material risks, benefits, and alternatives were discussed with the
patient/family, who understood and were agreeable to intervention. Informed
consent was obtained.
Description of procedure:
The patient was brought to the operating room and placed on the operating table
in supine position. General endotracheal anesthesia was obtained with a double
lumen ETT. Foley catheter was placed. The hair on the abdomen, chest, and neck
was clipped. The patient was positioned in the left lateral decubitus position.
All pressure points were identified and padded. A 5mm port was placed around the
eighth intercostal space in the mid-axillary line. This was used to insufflate
the chest. The lung was dessuflated, and patient was on single lung ventilation
for this portion of the case. The chest was insufflated to a pressure of 10mmHg.
This port was subsequently upsized to a 12mm port. Additional 12mm working port
was placed in the seventh intercostal space in the anterior axillary line. In
addition to this, three more 5mm working ports were placed in the posterior
axillary line and in the anterior axillary line. All ports were placed under
direct visualization. The inferior pulmonary ligament was identified and divided
with electrocautery. The mediastinal pleura was opened to expose the esophagus.
The azygous vein was identified at its entry point into the superior vena cava.
A 60mm vascular stapler was fired across the azygous vein at this location. The
esophagus with its surrounding fat and lymph nodes was dissected, and a Penrose
drain was placed around it to facilitate exposure. The mediastinal pleural was
dissected, freeing up the esophagus in its entire thoracic course. Once the
esophagus was mobilized, a 28 French chest tube was placed through the camera
port and secured into place with 2-0 ethilon suture. All other ports were
sutured closed with 4-0 monocryl and dressed with dermabond. The patient was
turned to supine position, then repositioned with legs split. All pressure
points were identified and padded.
The abdomen, chest, and neck were prepped and draped in the standard sterile
fashion.
Supraumbilical incision was made with an 11 blade. Either side of the incision
was grasped with a towel clamp, and a Veress needle was inserted into the
abdomen. Intraperitoneal location was confirmed with the saline drop test. The
abdomen was then insufflated, with a low opening pressure, flow was increased
until the pressure measured 15mmHg.
A 12mm trocar was placed through the supraumbilical site. A 12mm 30 degree
laparoscope was inserted, and the abdomen was inspected. There were no
identifiable injuries from initial trocar placement. Additional trocars were
inserted: these included a 12mm left upper quadrant port in the mid-clavicular
line just below the costal margin, a 5mm port in the left lateral abdomen at the
costal margin at the anterior axillary line, and a 5mm port in the right upper
quadrant in the mid-clavicular line, just below the costal margin. An additional
15mm port was placed in the right mid-abdomen. All ports
were placed under direct visualization without injury.
Attention was first directed at performing the jejunostomy. The omentum was
gently lifted up off small bowel, and the proximal small bowel was traced back
to the ligament of Treitz. From there, the jejunum was passed until we reached
approximately 30cm from the LT. This was the point chosen for the jejunostomy. A
spot was chosen on the left mid-abdomen just lateral and slightly superior to
the umbilicus. A diamond was drawn out and these were the locations chosen for
insertion of T fasteners. T fasteners were placed into the abdomen under direct
visualization, then inserted into the jejunum. Intraluminal position was
confirmed by instilling air into the jejunum. This was performed four times. An
18 gauge needle was inserted in the middle of the T fasteners, and a guide wire
was inserted into the jejunum and directed distally under laparoscopic
visualization. The tract was dilated, and a peel-away sheath was inserted into
the jejunum. The feeding tube was inserted and similarly directed distally. The
sheath was removed. The T fasteners were tightened, and the phalange on the J
tube was sutured to the skin with 2-0 ethilon suture.
A Nathanson liver retractor was placed under direct visualization through a port
site in the midline. The left lobe of the liver was carefully retracted to
expose the hiatus.The patient was placed in steep reverse Trendelenburg
position.
Atraumatic laparoscopic graspers were used to mobilize the stomach and retract
it inferiorly and toward the left lower quadrant. The right crus was identified
and cleared of investing tissue. The dissection was carried over the arch of the
crura. The phrenoesophageal ligament was divided. The lesser omentum was opened
with ligasure device. The incision was extended over the hiatus to the left
crus. The short gastric vessels were divided with ligasure. The posterior aspect
of the stomach was retracted toward the right lower quadrant, exposing the left
crus, which was further cleared of its investing tissue. Once the esophagus was
fully isolated and mobilized, it was encircled with a penrose drain, which was
temporarily sutured together with an 0 PDS endoloop suture. This penrose drain
was subsequently used to retract the esophagus in an atraumatic fashion during
the remainder of the procedure.
The omentum was taken down off the stomach with laparoscopic ligasure, taking
care to preserve the right gastroepiploic arcade. The omentum and gastrocolic
ligament was divided. Once the stomach was fully mobilized on its greater
curvature, attention was directed at mobilizing the lesser curvature. This was
done in a similar fashion until the left gastric vessel was identified. This was
divided with a laparoscopic vascular stapler. The duodenum was mobilized via a
Kocher maneuver. Once the stomach was fully mobilized, we constructed the
gastric tube that would become the neoesophagus. Prior to performing this, we
asked our anesthesia colleagues to pull back the nasogastric tube as to avoid
incorporating it into the suture line. A green load sealing endo-GIA stapler was
used to serially divide the stomach, starting on the lesser curvature,
preserving the right gastric artery. The stapler was repeatedly fired around the
stomach, following the curve of the greater curvature, creating a new tube that
measured approximately 3cm in diameter. We took additional distal margins that
were sent to pathology. Hemostasis was verified. Once the majority of the
dissection was completed, the hiatal dissection was extended into the
mediastinum and the right chest, connecting the two (laparoscopic and
thoracoscopic) operative planes. In order to facilitate passage of the mass
through the hiatus, the crura were divided with ligasure 1cm on each side. The
gastric tube was then intracorporally sutured with two 0 ethibond sutures to the
distal end of the esophagus/proximal stomach. Attention was then directed into
the neck.
A left neck incision was made along the anterior border of the
sternocleidomastoid muscle. The incision was deepened through the subcutaneous
tissues with electrocautery. The platysma was divided. The sternocleidomastoid
muscle was dissected free of its medial soft tissue attachments and retracted
laterally. The nasogastric tube within the esophagus was palpated, and this
guided our dissection. The left lobe of the thyroid was encountered. This was
retracted medially. The trachea was palpated along with the esophagus with the
NGT in place. In this tracheoesophageal groove, we positively identified the
left recurrent laryngeal nerve. This was perserved free of injury, although
there may have been some stretch on the nerve due to gentle retraction. Once the
esophagus was identified, it was bluntly cleared of its surrounding attachments.
A penrose drain was placed around the esophagus. Digital blunt dissection was
performed in the base of the neck / thoracic inlet to free the esophagus of its
surrounding attachments. Once this was performed. The laparoscope was re-
inserted into the abdomen. From the neck, the esophagus was delivered into the
wound. From the abdomen, the gastric tube / neoesophagus was visualized passing
through the hiatus without twisting. Once in the wound, the eosphagus was marked
on its anterior aspect with a silk suture. The NGT was pulled back. The
esophagus clamped then divided with heavy scissors within its proximal location
in the neck. The esophagogastric specimen was removed from the field. The NGT
was delivered through the esophagus and retracted back. An anastomosis was
performed between the esophagus and the tubular stomach. This was a two layered,
(3-0 silk muscular and 3-0 PDS full thickness) hand sewn anastomosis. Prior to
completing the anastomosis, the NGT was passed back into the neo-esophagus and
directed down to the hiatus. The NGT was visualized laparoscopically to be at
the hiatus. Of note, the pylorus of the stomach was noted to be located just
below the hiatus. The neck wound was irrigated with normal saline, and hemoastis
was checked. A 13 French round drain was placed at the site of the anastomosis.
The platysma was closed over this wound with 3-0 vicryl. The incision was closed
with deep dermal 3-0 vicryl and skin layer 4-0 monocryl. Once intraabdominal
hemostasis was verified, the laparoscopic ports were removed under direct
visualization. The 15mm port fascia was closed with 0 vicryl. All port sites
were closed with 4-0 monocryl. All incisions were dressed with dermabond. Of
note prior to all incisions, local anesthetic was infiltrated. The patient was
awakened from anesthesia, extubated, and transported to SICU in fair condition.
Counts: All sponge, instrument, and needle counts were reported to be correct at
the conclusion of the case.
Disposition: SICU in fair condition.
Postoperative Plan:
-Strict NPO
-NGT secured, to not be used or manipulated, to be kept on low continuous wall
suction
-Chest tube to -20cm H20 suction
-Lifelong PPI
-Start heparin gtt for history of DVT on postoperative day 1 if no signs of
postoperative bleeding
Last edited: