ED Coding and Reimbursement Alert

ICD-9 Coding:

Ring in the New Year with a Refresher of Alcohol Related Diagnoses

Make sure you select the right diagnosis code when alcohol is a factor an ED visit

The New Year is upon us and with it comes an increase in alcohol-related presentations to the ED. Although many presenting problems are injuries or illnesses to which alcohol was a contributing factor, it may be worth reviewing the various alcohol-related diagnoses that are available and when to apply them in the ED setting. Take a look at some common patient types:

1. Patients who are brought in because they are impaired

It is not uncommon for a highly intoxicated person to be brought to the ED by concerned friends, parents, or law enforcement officers because the patient appears to be unresponsive or dangerously intoxicated.

First let's consider the patient, for whom no other diagnosis is possible, has come under medical care because of the maladaptive effect of a drug on which he is not dependent, and that he has taken on his own initiative to the detriment of his health or social functioning, such as a New Year's Eve or a Super Bowl party. In this scenario, the patient has no history of alcohol dependency, but appears to have significantly exceeded his limit on this occasion.

ICD-9 codes that might apply are:

  • 305.0 Nondependent alcohol abuse
  • 305.00 Nondependent alcohol abuse, unspecified drinking behavior
  • 305.01 Nondependent alcohol abuse, continuous drinking behavior
  • 305.02 Nondependent alcohol abuse, episodic drinking behavior
  • 305.03 Nondependent alcohol abuse, in remission
  • 2. Patients whose condition is caused by long time alcohol abuse

    The other end of the spectrum is the long time alcohol abuser whose medical problems are directly attributed to that history. Possible presentations include hallucinations, seizures or delirium tremens. These patients may or may not be impaired at the time of their visit.

    Frequently seen ED presentations can be reported with the following diagnosis codes:

    • 291 Alcohol induced mental disorders
    • 291.0 Alcohol withdrawl delirium
    • 291.1 Alcohol induced persisting amnestic disorder
    • 291.2 Alcohol-induced persisting dementia
    • 291.3 Alcohol-induced psychotic disorder with hallucinations
    • 291.4 Idiosyncratic alcohol intoxication
    • 291.5 Alcoholic-induced psychotic disorder with delusions
    • 291.8 Other specified alcohol-induced mental disorders
    • 291.81 Alcohol withdrawl
    • 291.9 Unspecified alcohol-induced mental disorders

    Don't forget the V codes When patients present with alcohol related factors that influence their health status, you should consider adding a V code to describe that scenario. Frequent ED presentations could include patient ill patients with a history of alcoholism or a patient brought in by law enforcement for a blood alcohol or drug screening.

    • V11.3 Personal history of mental disorder; alcoholism
    • V61.4 Health problems within family; alcoholism in the family
    • V70.4 Examination for medico-legal reasons
    • Blood-alcohol tests
    • Blood-drug tests
    • V79.1 Special screening for mental disorders and developmental handicaps; alcoholism

    Is it time for an Intervention? Consider behavior change intervention codes

    Sometimes the trip to the ED for an alcohol-related injury becomes an opportunity for a screening and intervention to occur. Consider the patient who fell down the stairs because they were intoxicated or when alcohol appears to have contributed to MVA related injuries. Although a busy ED is not the ideal place for this service, check the chart documentation to see if there is support for reporting the following codes

    • 99408 Alcohol and/or substance (other than tobacco) abuse structured screening (e.g., AUDIT, DAST), and brief intervention (SBI) services; 15 to 30 minutes (Do not report services of less than 15 minutes with 99408
    • 99409 greater than 30

    [See ED Coding and Reimbursement Alert, Oct. 2011 Vol. 14, No 10 for more information on this topic]