Gastroenterology Coding Alert

Know how to quantify what’s ‘separately identifiable.’

Reporting a separate evaluation and management (E/M) service every time your gastroenterologist performs a procedure may make you a prime target for an audit, but knowing the right way to report these services can keep you on the straight and narrow. Unlock the secrets to legitimate pay for separately identifiable E/M services using modifier 25 (Significant, separately identifiable evaluation and management service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional on the same day of the procedure or other service) with these three guidelines.

1. Ensure Your Provider Performed a Separate Service

You should use modifier 25 when your gastroenterologist’s documentation supports that they performed an E/M service that was significant and separately identifiable from the work included in another service or procedure, says Barbara J. Cobuzzi, MBA, CPC, COC, CPC-P, CPC-I, CENTC, CPCO, CMCS, of CRN Healthcare in Tinton Falls, New Jersey.

Tip: Look at the documentation and cross out anything that is directly related to the procedure performed. Look then at the remaining documentation to determine if it is indeed significant, separately identifiable, and medically necessary.

Official guidance: CPT^® states that a significant and separately identifiable service “is defined or substantiated by documentation that satisfies the relevant criteria for the respective E/M service to be reported.”

Remember: You can only consider reporting modifier 25 when coding an E/M service code. If the procedures you’re reporting don’t fall under E/M services, it’s possible the encounter qualifies for another modifier instead.

Bottom line: Using modifier 25 is essentially telling the insurance company, “During this visit I determined XYZ needed to be done and I happened to have time to do it that day.” If you can’t say this (or something like it), then the E/ M service shouldn’t be billed. “The commonest scenario where modifier 25 is inappropriate is when the procedure was already planned, and some (usually minor) E/M service is done, but is actually the pre-service or post-service work related to the procedure,” says Glenn D. Littenberg, MD, MACP, FASGE, AGAF, a gastroenterologist and former CPT^® Editorial Panel member in Pasadena, California.

2. Don’t Confuse Modifiers 25 and 57

The difference between modifier 25 and modifier 57 (Decision for surgery) is a common point of confusion, because both involve your gastroenterologist performing a procedure and distinct E/M service for the same patient on the same day.

The quickest distinction is that you would use modifier 25 for a distinct, separately identifiable E/M service on the day of a minor procedure, and 57 describes the exam in which the decision was made to proceed with same day or next day major surgery.

How it works: You should only use modifier 25 with procedures that have a 0- or 10-day global period. These kinds of procedures are what Medicare defines as “minor.” In contrast, you’ll use modifier 57 for procedures with a 90- day global period.

Watch out: Some coders view modifier 25 as a “magic bullet” and they always add a 25 modifier to E/M services done on the same day as a procedure because that is the only way they can get them paid. Don’t fall into that trap. Any practice that applies modifier 25 indiscriminately to their E/Ms will be an outlier when compared to other practices in the volume of claims billed with modifier 25, and will be sending up red flags.

3. Stop Omitting 25 Because of Same Dx

Proper modifier 25 use does not require a different diagnosis code. In fact, the presence of different diagnosis codes attached to the E/M and the procedure does not necessarily support a separately reportable E/M service.

The guidelines changed years ago. You do not need a different diagnosis to use modifier 25, but most coders find that it’s still seems to be easier to get paid if the diagnoses are different.

Go to the source: The definition for modifier 25 as defined by the AMA in the CPT^® manual clearly indicates that you do not have to have two different diagnosis codes to use the modifier.

The CPT^® manual states: “The E/M service may be prompted by the symptom or condition for which the procedure and/ or service was provided. As such, different diagnoses are not required for reporting of the E/M services on the same date.” Consider referring them to payer policies, as well. CPT^® and CPT^® Assistant define the codes and modifiers but payers provider clearer claims instructions.

Your gastroenterologist’s documentation should clearly establish that the visit’s purpose was not to perform the procedure. If you receive denials on modifier 25 claims simply because you use the same diagnosis code for the E/M and the procedure, you should appeal, assuming your provider’s documentation supports reporting separate services.