Wiki 88304 or 88305 Femoral head with articular surface

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Hi all,

I am looking for some authoritative guidance on the correct CPT for this specimen:

FINAL DIAGNOSIS: A RIGHT FEMORAL HEAD, TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY: BONE WITH REGENERATIVE CHANGES, CONSISTENT WITH OSTEOARTHRITIS. NO MALIGNANCY IDENTIFIED.
Electronically signed by Dr. Who
Gross description: received in formalin, a right femoral head consists of 2 bone fragments measuring 4.5 x 3.0 x 1.0 cm and 5.5 x 4.5 x 3.0 cm, grossly consistent with a fragmented femoral head and neck. The articular surface is tan pink to yellow granular with extensive eburnation and osteophyte formation and attached soft tissue. Sectioning demonstrates a tan-yellow trabecular cut surface, with a 1.0 x 0.4 x 0.2cm red-pink cortical cyst. Representative sections are submitted as follows:
A1: Soft tissue
A2-A3, Bone following Decalcification
Procedure: Right Hip mako total replacement per EMR
Pre-op DX: Right Hip DJD

Per APF:
88304=femoral head without an actual break that does not include the acetabulum or femur proper resulting from hip replacement surgery. Must be head of femur bone without a significant portion of the neck although small bits of cartilage or adhered soft tissue do not affect the CPT assignment.

88305=multiple types of tissue (bone fragments, meniscus, ligament, synovium) in some combination consisting of the majority of the joint (all of the tissues are not required) submitted from a joint resection surgery and not from the repair of one of the major components of the joint. The pathologist's decision to call it a "joint resection" is binding and should be listed in the final diagnosis.

***Bone specimens often have a little soft tissue and/or cartilage attached that shouldn't be separately reported if it's apparent that it is inconsequential from a surgeon's perspective.


NOW, for the discussion at hand:
Argument for 88305: The report states "articular surface" and the final diagnosis contains "total hip arthroplasty"; the articular surface should be considered to be cartilage and the inclusion in the final diagnosis of the term "total hip arthroplasty" qualifies this as a "joint resection".

Argument for 88304: An "articular surface" is any direct surface contact (bone, cartilage) in direct surface contact with another (bone, cartilage) structure as part of a synovial joint. The "articular surface" in this report is unspecified as to the exact type of structure but also has "osteophyte formation" indicating it is bone. The soft tissue is "attached" and not part of the articular surface. The submitted specimen is listed as primarily bone and does not provide documentation of the majority of tissues that compose a joint. The submitted specimen is therefore a femoral head without a significant portion of the neck without an actual break submitted with small bits of adherent soft tissue.
 
The following advice was provided:

88304 applies based on the information provided.

Rational: Despite the total hip arthroplasty surgery, the pathologist only received and examined a femoral head (bone with degenerative changes). Because coding is based on the specimen submitted and not the surgery performed, the correct code is 88304. This specimen consists solely of femoral head bone fragments, with incidental soft tissue, without a significant portion of the neck. Multiple joint tissues are not present.

Why 88305 does not apply:
It focuses on the surgical procedure (‘total hip arthroplasty’), a joint resection, rather than the specimen. The articular surface and osteophytes confirm bone; the incidental attached soft tissue is not a separate component.

Authoritative Guidance

CPT Assistant
:
  • May 1996, p. 9 {paraphrased}: 88304 applies to a femoral head resulting from a hip arthroplasty regardless of whether or not degenerative change, fracture, or minimal attached cartilage or soft tissue is present.
  • October 2000, p. 10 {paraphrased}: 88304 includes femoral head only specimens submitted following total hip arthroplasty; 88305 (joint resection) requires multiple joint components to be present/pathologist deems the specimen a ‘joint resection.’”
APF Coding Handbook (Padgett’s, Bone & Joint section):

  • 88304: {paraphrased}: femoral head alone without significant portion of neck, small bits of cartilage or attached soft tissue are irrelevant
  • 88305: {paraphrased}: Applies to true joint resection specimens composed of multiple joint tissue types (femoral head + synovium, meniscus, ligament, etc.); pathologist FINAL diagnosis must explicitly state “joint resection”
AAPC:

https://www.aapc.com/codes/coding-n...codes-for-accurate-payment-178947-article/rci
https://www.aapc.com/codes/coding-n...y-on-these-tips-for-bone-cases-178117-article

Hope this helps someone.
 
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