Sandra Pilley CPC, CPMA
On the table of risk, under the "high" category it lists "Parenteral Controlled Substances". I've googled the word "parenteral" and it is defined by several sources as: 1) administered or occurring elsewhere in the body than the mouth and alimentary canal. 2) Administered by some means other than oral or rectal intake, particularly intravenously or by injection. 3) medical Definition of parenteral. : situated or occurring outside the intestine. parenteral drug administration by intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous injection ; especially : introduced otherwise than by way of the intestines.
Therefore, I would definitely count it as HIGH RISK if a controlled substance is given by IV or IM. Basically, as long as it is not being given by mouth, rectally, through a feeding tube, or other entrance/means directly into the digestive system.